Huo, Siqi and Yang, Shuang and Wang, Jun and Cheng, Jianwen and Zhang, Qianqian and Hu, Yefa and Ding, Guoping and Zhang, Qiaoxin and Song, Pingan 
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1082-652X and Wang, Hao
(2020)
A Liquid Phosphaphenanthrene-Derived Imidazole for Improved
Flame Retardancy and Smoke Suppression of Epoxy Resin.
ACS Applied Polymer Materials, 2 (8).
pp. 3566-3575.
Abstract
The fabrication of high-performance thermosetting polymers with intrinsic flame retardancy and smoke suppression is necessary but challenging. Herein, we have successfully synthesized a liquid phosphaphenanthrene/imidazole-containing curing agent (DOPO-AI) for epoxy resin (EP) by the Atherton-Todd reaction of 1-(3-Aminopropyl)imidazole (AI) and 9,10-dihydro-9-oxa-10-phosphaphenanthrene-10-oxide (DOPO). The as-prepared EP/DOPO-AI samples exhibit comparable mechanical properties to the reference EP/AI-6 sample, with slightly decreased glass transition temperatures. Impressively, the EP/DOPO-AI sample can pass the UL-94 V-0 rating and achieve a limited oxygen index (LOI) value of 37.0%. Additionally, the EP/DOPO-AI sample shows 26.3%, 36.6%, and 24.4% reductions in the total heat release (THR), peak of heat release rate (pHRR), and total smoke production (TSP) relative to the EP/AI-6 sample, indicating a significantly reduced fire hazard. The significant enhancements in flame retardancy and smoke suppression are attributed to the condensed-and gaseous-phase effects of DOPO-AI. This work demonstrates a feasible methodology for creating high-performance EPs with inherent flame retardancy and smoke suppression, holding great promise in the future.
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| Item Type: | Article (Commonwealth Reporting Category C) |
|---|---|
| Refereed: | Yes |
| Item Status: | Live Archive |
| Faculty/School / Institute/Centre: | Current - Institute for Advanced Engineering and Space Sciences - Centre for Future Materials (1 Jan 2017 -) |
| Faculty/School / Institute/Centre: | Current - Institute for Advanced Engineering and Space Sciences - Centre for Future Materials (1 Jan 2017 -) |
| Date Deposited: | 07 Mar 2022 01:25 |
| Last Modified: | 13 Apr 2022 00:48 |
| Uncontrolled Keywords: | epoxy resin; flame retardancy; liquid phosphaphenanthrene-derived imidazole; mechanical properties; smoke suppression |
| Fields of Research (2008): | 09 Engineering > 0912 Materials Engineering > 091202 Composite and Hybrid Materials |
| Fields of Research (2020): | 40 ENGINEERING > 4016 Materials engineering > 401602 Composite and hybrid materials |
| Socio-Economic Objectives (2008): | E Expanding Knowledge > 97 Expanding Knowledge > 970109 Expanding Knowledge in Engineering |
| Socio-Economic Objectives (2020): | 28 EXPANDING KNOWLEDGE > 2801 Expanding knowledge > 280110 Expanding knowledge in engineering |
| Identification Number or DOI: | https://doi.org/10.1021/acsapm.0c00577 |
| URI: | http://eprints.usq.edu.au/id/eprint/46325 |
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